In this test, the penetration of a needle or rod into the surface of the sample under a given force is measured. Hardness measuring devices are divided into two types: desktop and portable (durometer). Hardness indicates the resistance of a material to indentation and deformation, which is determined by a scale from zero (soft) to one hundred (very hard).

In this test, the sample is placed between the two jaws of the machine and a tensile force is applied to it until it ruptures. The ratio of the applied force to the cross-sectional area determines the tensile strength in megapascals.

Tear resistance is important for parts that are exposed to abrasion and impact with sharp objects. In this test, a force is applied to the cross-section of the sample to determine the moment of rupture. Various standards have been defined for this test, the most accurate of which is the DIE C model.

Tear resistance is important for parts that are exposed to abrasion and impact with sharp objects. In this test, a force is applied to the cross-section of the sample to determine the moment of rupture. Various standards have been defined for this test, the most accurate of which is the DIE C model.

This test examines the behavior of raw rubber during the curing process under a specified temperature and time. In this method, the sample is placed between two hot plates and its mechanical changes are examined during the oscillations of the mold. The results include the process safety time, speed and complete curing time.

In this test, the rubber is subjected to continuous tensile and reciprocating loading and its resistance to cracking and strength loss is examined. Important factors such as the lack of temperature increase, crack initiation and its growth until rupture are analyzed in this test.

This test measures the degree to which rubber retains its elastic state after being subjected to pressure and temperature. The reduction in thickness of the sample before and after applying pressure indicates the material’s resistance to permanent deformation.

This test is performed to analyze the effect of high temperatures on the physical properties of rubber. In this process, changes in hardness, elongation, tensile strength, and tear resistance are measured, and the degree of quality degradation due to prolonged exposure to harsh conditions is evaluated.

Precision in sample preparation plays a key role in the accuracy of test results. Samples required to examine parameters such as tensile, tear, hardness, abrasion, fatigue, aging, and resilience are prepared with a hydraulic press according to ASTM D3182 and ASTM D3183 standards. Special punches are also used for some tests.